The Federal Pell Grant is a needs-based grant given to qualifying low-income students by the federal government to help with the expenses of college. The Pell Grant is generally for undergraduate students; however, students in certain post-baccalaureate programs that lead to teacher certification may also qualify. Unlike a loan, it does not have to be paid back by the student. The Pell Grant may be used at any participating post-secondary institution.

The U.S. Department of Education governs the Pell Grant program. Each year, a set amount of funds is allocated for this program. Applicants must apply before the deadline using the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). In addition, the FAFSA is used to determine eligibility for state student aid, with each state having individual application deadlines.

A grant amount awarded to any student depends upon the student's expected family contribution (EFC), the cost of attending the college or university, the student's enrollment (full-time or part-time), and whether the student attends for a full academic year or less. The U.S. Department of Education, using the information reported on the FAFSA, determines financial need based on a standard formula. The FSA Handbook for the Federal Pell Grant Program gives an overview of program requirements and eligibility.

After filing the FAFSA, the student will receive a Student Aid Report, or the college or university receives an Institutional Student Information Record, which notifies the student of their eligibility status. After acceptance into the program, the student receives funds once per term from the school. The money is paid directly by check under normal circumstances. Students who are not eligible for the Pell Grant Program or students who wish to find additional student aid may find more information at http://www.studentaid.ed.gov or http://www.students.gov.